Mary Robinson Archive: Phase 1

In January 2020 the task of processing the Mary Robinson archive in NUI Galway began. As project archivist, I am privileged to have this honour, and despite Covid_19 restrictions adding to the challenges, work continues apace. At almost 750 bankers boxes of material spanning over six decades, this immensely rich collection covers many different aspects of the former President of Ireland’s work, including her time as barrister, senator, professor, President of Ireland, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, chair of the Elders, founder of Realizing Rights (the Ethical Globalization Initiative), and culminating in the setting up of the Mary Robinson Foundation - Climate Justice. As I near the end of the first phase it seemed a fitting time to introduce you all to the work of the archivist behind the scenes before a collection can be made available, to update you all on the progress and to give you a sneak peek.

Postcard sent to Senator Mary Robinson

Statement by Sen Mary Robinson at press reception to launch Directory of Services in Ireland for Unmarried Parents and their Children, 1977

The Phases 

The interest which greeted the announcement that work had commenced was fantastic but also led to my inbox unsurprisingly being inundated with queries! Because the job of the archivist is often misunderstood, it is easy to assume that all that was required of me once the material had been transferred to NUIG was to hand it out as requested. I have therefore chosen to detail the process involved to shine a light on the painstaking work that goes on behind the scenes, and hopefully to delay those queries for a little longer until I am further down the road. There are several stages to processing a collection before it can be made available and essentially they can be listed as follows: know what you have, make it safe, appraise it, decide on an arrangement, catalogue it, consider what should be made accessible (for example is it too frail, are there data protection issues etc.) and then release it. Separate to these are decisions on digitising where possible and appropriate. It can be daunting to know where to start when faced with hundreds of boxes of material but keeping these points in mind and having a plan is key. It is also important to familiarise yourself with the background of the collection, in this case getting a feel for the various areas in which Mary Robinson was/is involved. (The answer is LOTS!) 

 

Flyer protesting destruction of Wood Quay, 1979

    

Due to the sheer vastness of this collection it was decided to divide the overall project into three sections.

• Phase 1 – The First Pass: this is the process whereby the contents of every box are removed, examined, listed and re-housed in special archive boxes which are then stored in secure climate-conditioned storerooms. It encompasses the first three stages listed above: know what you have, make it safe, appraise it.
• Phase 2 – Arrangement: in order to get intellectual control over a collection, give it structure, and lay the ground work for making items easily discoverable to researchers down the road, a clear logical arrangement must be decided on by the archivist (unless one already exists). 
• Phase 3 – Cataloguing and Release: this phase predominantly involves the painstaking work of cataloguing the collection, box by box, series by series, file by file, and in some cases item by item. During this phase items are also considered for digitising, and decisions made on accessibility which take issues such as GDPR into account.  
  
  

Phase 1 

KNOW WHAT YOU HAVE 

Each one of the 750 boxes has to be opened and its contents examined before I know what is in the collection. This is the first pass and due to the size of the collection I decided to combine a few additional stages while conducting it: 

MAKE IT SAFE 

 

While examining the contents of each box, I am also checking their condition for problems such as mould that might spread. Contents are then removed from the current boxes and placed in specially designed archive boxes and folders that help preserve them. These boxes are then placed in secure storage in climate controlled storerooms. The material is now both secure from further deterioration, and from theft. It is also protected from environmental hazards such as fire and flood. During this process, I list the contents of each box (known as a box-list) and note what format the items are in (paper, photograph, CD etc.). This box-list not only summarises what is in the collection, it will also aid in deciding on an arrangement for the collection once the first pass is complete. 

Archive boxes safely stored on shelves, with unprocessed bankers boxes in background

APPRAISE IT 

Not everything in a collection should necessarily be kept – it may not be relevant or unique to that collection. There can also often be duplication of material and in some cases it may not be possible to suitably store an item due to its format, size or other practical considerations. For that reason the collection needs to be appraised. Appraisal is an important function of archivists and what separates them from colleagues in other related professions. 

An unwelcome visitor to any archive!

At the end of what I’ve termed The First Pass the entire collection has been made safe from the elements, we know what’s in it (to a basic level), and we know roughly where to find it. However, none of the items are stored in any particular order. The collection is safe from the elements and from theft but is not considered 100% safe yet from an archival point of view until an arrangement has been put in place, the material structured under that, and reference IDs assigned. That’s the next phase. 

What’s Next 

The arrangement stage, Phase 2, will commence in January 2022. Once that has been completed it is then time to catalogue the collection (Phase 3). Until the cataloguing has been completed it is still not possible for the researcher to browse through a finding aid to know what can be viewed from the collection. The good news is that because it is so vast, rather than waiting until the entire collection is described fully, parts of the collection will instead be released in tranches, as they are completed. 

Sneak Peek 

Under normal circumstances access is never given to a collection before it is processed. This is not because archivists are power-hungry gatekeepers! Rather it is because we simply don’t know what we have, where it is, what condition it is in, and what its context is until we have processed the collection.

 

However, many of you may already have heard mention of this fantastic collection in national press in recent weeks. That is because of the recent publication The Presidents’ Letters, which came out late October and which features over 60 images from this archive. In an unusual move, author Flor MacCarthy was given permission by the donor of the collection to NUIG, Mary Robinson, to access the collection before it was released, and I was asked to facilitate any way I could. 

Former President Mary Robinson launching Flor MacCarthy's book "The Presidents' Letters", October 2021

An exception such as this is rare, but it made complete sense that a book covering the correspondence of all 9 Presidents of Ireland would include those of our first female president, who redefined the role. While Flor had access to a few processed boxes in early 2020, due to Covid restrictions the bulk of the material was selected by me as I continued to process the boxes. These selections were based on the topics and themes of Flor’s book which she had shared in advance, and digital copies were sent to Flor for her to browse. 

Some children's drawings from the Mary Robinson archive, reproduced with their permission in Flor's book.

It was a challenging but fun exercise that has resulted in an excellent representation of Robinson and her presidency in the book, but until the rest of the phases are complete, it will have to do for now! In the meantime here is a sneak peak of material from other areas of her work, to whet your appetites further.

letter from the Dalai Lama congratulating Mary Robinson on the setting up of the Ethical Globalization Initiative

letter of congratulations and thanks from Senator Edward Kennedy following success of Lawrence v Texas, a "well-deserved victory for gay rights...".

Mary Robinson with Bishop Desmond Tutu

I hope this blog gives you an insight into the painstaking but incredibly rewarding work that goes on behind the scenes and I look forward to sharing this amazing collection with you all when the time comes.

Beir bua / Take care 

Niamh 

Christmas card from Áras an Uachtaráin with pencil drawing of the Áras by John Nankivell

Remembering Tom Hickey - From the Archives

 

Defender of the Faith by Stuart Carolan,
Abbey Theatre Archive,
 2004. 

The passing of actor Tom Hickey has been met by an outpouring of tributes from those who worked with and who knew him across a range of Irish theatres and companies and in television, over the past five decades. Accounts of Hickey’s career in the theatre, from being a central and founding member of the Focus Theatre in Dublin in the 1960s, to starring performances at Ireland’s major theatres, live long in the memory of all those fortunate to have seen him perform throughout his career.

Within the theatre archive collections of the Hardiman Library, numerous performances by Hickey are documented and digitally preserved today and for future generations. Archives of the Abbey Theatre, the Gate Theatre, and of the Druid Theatre Company, all carry wonderful memories of one of Ireland’s most talented and best-loved performers.

London Assurance by Dion Boucicault. Gate Theatre Archive, 1993.

The archives hold thousands of production photographs from Hickey’s many performances, as well as play programmes, prompt-scripts, press material and many other records that document Hickey’s many roles at the Abbey, The Gate and with Druid. As well as these items, there are hundreds of hours of digitised video recordings of some of Hickey’s most famous roles. Some examples include the recording of The Great Hunger at the Abbey Theatre in 1983; Tom Murphy’s The Gigli Concert at the Abbey in 1983 and later revivals in 1991 and in 2004; Marina Carr’s Portia Coughlan (1996) and  By the Bog of Cats (1998); Brian Friel’s Give Me Your Answer, Do! (1997) and Thomas Kilroy’s Christ Deliver Us!  from 2010. At the Gate Theatre there are recordings of Hickey’s performances in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot (1988); Aristocrats by Brian Friel (1991), Bernard Farrell’s Stella by Starlight (1998) and Hugo Hamilton’s The Speckled People (2011).

In the Druid Theatre Archive, there is a full recording of Hickey’s celebrated role as Red Raftery in Marina Carr’s On Raftery’s Hill. Other Druid archive records include production photographs, programmes and press material from Hickey’s roles in John B. Keane’s Sharon’s Grave (2003) and from the double-bill of The Playboy of the Western World and The Shadow of the Glen (2008).

Tom Vaughan-Lawlor and Tom Hickey, Sharon's Grave, 2003
 Druid Theatre Archive.

Overall, there are fifty fully digitised recordings of Hickey’s performances across the archive collections of the Hardiman Library. These images are a small sample of the indelible mark that Tom Hickey left to all those who were part of his audience for over fifty years and how the archive collections of the Hardiman Library, NUI Galway, will ensure Hickey’s many starring roles will be preserved for the future.

Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, 1988,
Gate Theatre Archive

The Double Dealer by William Congrieve, 1997. Gate Theatre Archive

The Gigli Concert by Tom Murphy, 1991. Abbey Theatre Archive.

Give Me Your Answer, Do! by Brian Friel, 1997. Abbey Theatre Archive

She Stoops to Conquer by Oliver Goldsmith, 1995. Gate Theatre Archive

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Stella by Starlight by Bernard Farrell. 1998. Gate Theatre Archive

The Great Hunger by Tom MacIntyre. 1983. Abbey Theatre Archive

Rehearsals of On Raftery's Hill by Marina Carr. Druid Theatre Archive. 2000.

Victorian Britain and Ireland - Sources from Special Collections

 22 January 2021 marked the 120^th anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria. The Library has many resources which our readers can use to find out more about life in the Victorian era in Ireland, Britain and around the world. The broad-ranging Cambridge Companion to Victorian culture could be a good starting point. It is available online through the library catalogue.

Some details of the lives of all classes of society can be gleaned from the census returns, taken every 10 years between 1841 and 1901, spanning almost the whole of Queen Victoria’s reign. The Find My Past database, to which the library subscribes, provides access to images and transcriptions of all of these census returns for England, Scotland and Wales. Unfortunately, only the 1901 Census returns for Ireland survive.

Here we see an image of the return for Queen Victoria’s own family from the 1851 census in which Prince Albert is recorded as the head of the household. The census records the ages, occupations, and birthplaces of those resident in each household on census night and can bring alive the nature of family and domestic living at the time.

The extremes of poverty and wealth which characterised the Victorian era are illustrated very vividly in the many government reports published throughout the period. As Ireland was ruled from Westminster at the time many of these include contemporary descriptions of Ireland. Our picture shows the title page of the report into Poor Relief in Ireland in 1886. This and many other commissions travelled around the country taking statements from witnesses. Our second picture shows the names of witnesses who gave evidence to the Commission when it sat at Swineford, County Mayo, on Friday 3 December 1886. Interestingly, the list includes some women. Female voices, especially those who were poor, are infrequently heard in the official record of the day. Their testimony provides stark evidence of how little people had in the West of Ireland at the time.

This and many other parliamentary reports can be accessed through the House of Commons parliamentary papers database on the library catalogue.

By contrast, our Dominican Collection contains a photographic album which sheds light on the lives of landowning families in Scotland at the end of the 19^th century. Sr. Louis (Ina) Baird joined the convent in Taylor’s Hill in 1912. These albums belonged to her and illustrate the privileged background in which she had been raised, depicting the country house in Knoydart, where she had been born, as well as images from the family’s extensive travels.

The Victorian era was also a period of new building, not least on our own campus, where the Quadrangle building was begun in 1845 and completed by 1850. A small but highly evocative tangible link to the period for us is the post box just outside the main entrance on University Road. It is characterised by the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage as of regional importance, having been installed around 1860, and, of course, remains in use.

The Library provides access to several other databases which amplify and contextualise Queen Victoria’s reign with all of its contradictions and offer opportunities for primary source research on a whole range of topics. Among these databases would be Dublin Castle Records, Empire Online, the 19^th Century Index, British Periodicals and the British Library Newspapers collection. All of these can be accessed through the library catalogue.